import tkinter as tk from tkinter import messagebox, simpledialog import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk import numpy as np class GradeTrendApp: def __init__(self, master): self.master = master master.title("成绩走势图生成器") master.geometry("900x750") # 设置初始窗口大小 master.minsize(700, 600) # 设置最小窗口大小 # 成绩数据存储： # self.grades_data 结构示例: # { # "数学": {"期中": 80, "期末": 85, "模拟一": 90}, # "语文": {"期中": 75, "期末": 80, "模拟一": 78} # } self.grades_data = {} # self.exams 存储所有出现过的考试名称，并保持有序，用于图表的X轴 self.exams = [] self._create_widgets() self._setup_plot() self.generate_chart() # 初始显示一个空图表 def _create_widgets(self): # --- 控制面板框架 --- control_frame = tk.Frame(self.master, bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10) control_frame.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=5) tk.Label(control_frame, text="添加成绩数据点", font=("Microsoft YaHei", 14, "bold")).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=6, pady=(0, 10)) # 科目输入 tk.Label(control_frame, text="科目名称:", font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)).grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=2) self.subject_entry = tk.Entry(control_frame, width=15, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)) self.subject_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=2) # 考试输入 tk.Label(control_frame, text="考试名称:", font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)).grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=tk.W, pady=2) self.exam_entry = tk.Entry(control_frame, width=15, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)) self.exam_entry.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=5, pady=2) # 成绩输入 tk.Label(control_frame, text="成绩 (0-100):", font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)).grid(row=1, column=4, sticky=tk.W, pady=2) self.grade_entry = tk.Entry(control_frame, width=10, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10)) self.grade_entry.grid(row=1, column=5, padx=5, pady=2) # 按钮区域 button_frame = tk.Frame(control_frame) button_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=6, pady=10) add_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="添加成绩点", command=self.add_grade_point, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10), bg="#4CAF50", fg="white") add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) generate_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="生成走势图", command=self.generate_chart, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10, "bold"), bg="#2196F3", fg="white") generate_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) clear_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="清除所有数据", command=self.clear_all_data, font=("Microsoft YaHei", 10), bg="#f44336", fg="white") clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10) # --- 图表显示框架 --- self.plot_frame = tk.Frame(self.master, bd=2, relief=tk.SUNKEN) self.plot_frame.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=5) def _setup_plot(self): # 创建一个matplotlib图形和坐标轴 # figsize=(宽度, 高度) 单位是英寸 self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6), dpi=100) self.ax.set_title("成绩走势图", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=16) self.ax.set_xlabel("考试", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylabel("成绩", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100) # 成绩范围通常是0-100 self.ax.grid(True) # 设置中文字体 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei', 'SimHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 # 将matplotlib图形嵌入到Tkinter self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=self.plot_frame) self.canvas_widget = self.canvas.get_tk_widget() self.canvas_widget.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) # 添加matplotlib工具栏（缩放、平移、保存等） self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.plot_frame) self.toolbar.update() self.canvas_widget.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) def add_grade_point(self): """添加一个成绩点到数据中""" subject = self.subject_entry.get().strip() exam = self.exam_entry.get().strip() grade_str = self.grade_entry.get().strip() if not subject or not exam or not grade_str: messagebox.showwarning("输入错误", "科目、考试和成绩都不能为空。", parent=self.master) return try: grade = float(grade_str) if not (0 <= grade <= 100): messagebox.showwarning("输入错误", "成绩必须在0到100之间。", parent=self.master) return except ValueError: messagebox.showwarning("输入错误", "成绩必须是有效的数字。", parent=self.master) return # 如果科目不存在，则创建 if subject not in self.grades_data: self.grades_data[subject] = {} # 添加或更新成绩 self.grades_data[subject][exam] = grade # 如果考试名称是新的，添加到考试列表中并排序 if exam not in self.exams: self.exams.append(exam) # 保持考试顺序，可以按字母排序，或者更高级的自定义排序 # 这里简单地按字母排序，如果需要按时间顺序，需要用户输入日期或更复杂的逻辑 self.exams.sort() messagebox.showinfo("成功", f"已添加: 科目 '{subject}', 考试 '{exam}', 成绩 {grade}", parent=self.master) # 清空输入框 self.subject_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.exam_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.grade_entry.delete(0, tk.END) self.generate_chart() # 自动更新图表 def generate_chart(self): """根据当前数据生成并显示走势图""" self.ax.clear() # 清除之前的绘图 if not self.grades_data or not self.exams: # 如果没有数据，显示提示信息 self.ax.text(0.5, 0.5, "暂无数据，请添加成绩点以生成走势图", horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center', transform=self.ax.transAxes, fontsize=14, color='gray', fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei') self.ax.set_title("成绩走势图", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=16) self.ax.set_xlabel("考试", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylabel("成绩", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100) # 即使没有数据也设置Y轴范围 self.ax.grid(True) self.canvas.draw() return # 准备绘图数据 for subject, exam_grades in self.grades_data.items(): grades_for_plot = [] for exam in self.exams: # 如果某个科目在某个考试中没有成绩，使用np.nan，matplotlib会自动处理为断点 grades_for_plot.append(exam_grades.get(exam, np.nan)) self.ax.plot(self.exams, grades_for_plot, marker='o', label=subject) self.ax.set_title("成绩走势图", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=16) self.ax.set_xlabel("考试", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylabel("成绩", fontproperties='Microsoft YaHei', fontsize=12) self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100) # 设置Y轴范围为0-100 self.ax.legend(prop={'family':'Microsoft YaHei', 'size':10}) # 显示图例（科目名称），设置字体 self.ax.grid(True) # 显示网格 self.fig.autofmt_xdate() # 自动调整X轴标签，防止重叠 self.canvas.draw() # 刷新Tkinter中的图表 def clear_all_data(self): """清除所有成绩数据""" if messagebox.askyesno("确认清除", "确定要清除所有成绩数据吗？此操作不可撤销。", parent=self.master): self.grades_data = {} self.exams = [] self.generate_chart() # 更新图表以显示空状态 messagebox.showinfo("清除成功", "所有成绩数据已清除。", parent=self.master) # 主程序入口 if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = GradeTrendApp(root) root.mainloop()