#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ 成绩走势图（Tkinter + Matplotlib） - 左侧：学生列表 - 右侧：图表 + 成绩表格 - 顶部工具：载入/保存 CSV、添加记录、导出图像 CSV 格式示例（UTF-8，不含 BOM）: Student,Term,Subject,Score 张三,2021-09,数学,85 张三,2021-12,数学,88 李四,2021-09,语文,78 """ import statistics from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg from matplotlib.figure import Figure import csv import os import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, filedialog, messagebox, simpledialog from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict import matplotlib matplotlib.use("TkAgg") # ---------- 示例数据 ---------- SAMPLE_DATA = [ {"Student": "张三", "Term": "2021-09", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "85"}, {"Student": "张三", "Term": "2021-12", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "88"}, {"Student": "张三", "Term": "2022-06", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "90"}, {"Student": "张三", "Term": "2021-09", "Subject": "语文", "Score": "78"}, {"Student": "张三", "Term": "2021-12", "Subject": "语文", "Score": "82"}, {"Student": "李四", "Term": "2021-09", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "72"}, {"Student": "李四", "Term": "2021-12", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "75"}, {"Student": "李四", "Term": "2022-06", "Subject": "数学", "Score": "80"}, ] # ---------- 应用 ---------- class GradeTrendApp(tk.Tk): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.title("成绩走势图") self.geometry("1000x650") self.minsize(800, 500) # 数据存储为列表的 dict self.data = SAMPLE_DATA.copy() self.build_ui() self.refresh_student_list() def build_ui(self): # 顶部工具栏 toolbar = ttk.Frame(self, padding=6) toolbar.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="载入 CSV", command=self.load_csv).pack( side=tk.LEFT, padx=4) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="保存 CSV", command=self.save_csv).pack( side=tk.LEFT, padx=4) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="添加记录", command=self.add_record_dialog).pack( side=tk.LEFT, padx=4) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="删除选中记录", command=self.delete_selected_records).pack( side=tk.LEFT, padx=4) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="导出图像 (PNG)", command=self.export_png).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=4) # 中间主区域：左学生列表，右图表与表格 main = ttk.Frame(self) main.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=6, pady=6) # 左侧学生列表 left = ttk.Frame(main, width=220) left.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y) ttk.Label(left, text="学生列表", font=( "Segoe UI", 10, "bold")).pack(anchor=tk.W) self.search_var = tk.StringVar() search_entry = ttk.Entry(left, textvariable=self.search_var) search_entry.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(4, 6)) search_entry.bind( "", lambda e: self.refresh_student_list()) self.student_listbox = tk.Listbox(left, exportselection=False) self.student_listbox.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.student_listbox.bind( "<>", lambda e: self.on_student_selected()) # 右侧 right = ttk.Frame(main) right.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) # 上半：图表区域 + subject 选择 + 平滑开关 plot_top = ttk.Frame(right) plot_top.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) control_row = ttk.Frame(plot_top) control_row.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 4)) ttk.Label(control_row, text="科目:").pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.subject_var = tk.StringVar(value="全部科目") self.subject_combo = ttk.Combobox( control_row, textvariable=self.subject_var, state="readonly", width=30) self.subject_combo.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(4, 8)) self.subject_combo.bind("<>", lambda e: self.update_plot()) self.smooth_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=False) ttk.Checkbutton(control_row, text="显示移动平均(窗口=3)", variable=self.smooth_var, command=self.update_plot).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=6) # Matplotlib 图 self.fig = Figure(figsize=(6, 4), dpi=100) self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111) self.ax.set_title("成绩趋势") self.ax.set_xlabel("Term") self.ax.set_ylabel("Score") self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=plot_top) self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) # 下半：成绩表（Treeview） ttk.Label(right, text="成绩明细", font=("Segoe UI", 10, "bold") ).pack(anchor=tk.W, pady=(6, 0)) self.tree = ttk.Treeview(right, columns=( "Term", "Subject", "Score"), show="headings", selectmode="extended") self.tree.heading("Term", text="Term") self.tree.heading("Subject", text="Subject") self.tree.heading("Score", text="Score") self.tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) self.tree.bind("", self.on_tree_double_click) # 状态栏 self.status_var = tk.StringVar(value="就绪") status = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.status_var, relief=tk.SUNKEN, anchor=tk.W) status.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X) # ---------- 数据/文件操作 ---------- def load_csv(self): fn = filedialog.askopenfilename(title="打开 CSV 文件", filetypes=[ ("CSV 文件", "*.csv"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]) if not fn: return try: with open(fn, newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: reader = csv.DictReader(f) rows = [] for r in reader: # 期望字段 Student, Term, Subject, Score if not all(k in r for k in ("Student", "Term", "Subject", "Score")): raise ValueError( "CSV 必须包含列：Student, Term, Subject, Score") rows.append({"Student": r["Student"].strip(), "Term": r["Term"].strip(), "Subject": r["Subject"].strip(), "Score": r["Score"].strip()}) self.data = rows self.refresh_student_list() self.status_var.set(f"已载入 {len(rows)} 条记录：{os.path.basename(fn)}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("加载失败", str(e)) def save_csv(self): fn = filedialog.asksaveasfilename( title="保存 CSV", defaultextension=".csv", filetypes=[("CSV 文件", "*.csv")]) if not fn: return try: with open(fn, "w", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: fieldnames = ["Student", "Term", "Subject", "Score"] writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=fieldnames) writer.writeheader() for r in self.data: writer.writerow(r) self.status_var.set(f"已保存到 {os.path.basename(fn)}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("保存失败", str(e)) # ---------- 学生与表格刷新 ---------- def refresh_student_list(self): self.student_listbox.delete(0, tk.END) q = self.search_var.get().strip().lower() students = sorted({r["Student"] for r in self.data}) filtered = [s for s in students if q in s.lower()] for s in filtered: self.student_listbox.insert(tk.END, s) # clear selection / plot if nothing selected if filtered: self.student_listbox.selection_set(0) self.on_student_selected() else: self.clear_plot_and_table() def on_student_selected(self): sel = self.student_listbox.curselection() if not sel: self.clear_plot_and_table() return student = self.student_listbox.get(sel[0]) # update subject combo with available subjects for this student subjects = sorted({r["Subject"] for r in self.data if r["Student"] == student}) combo_values = ["全部科目"] + subjects self.subject_combo['values'] = combo_values if self.subject_var.get() not in combo_values: self.subject_var.set("全部科目") self.refresh_table(student) self.update_plot() def refresh_table(self, student): # 清空表格 for it in self.tree.get_children(): self.tree.delete(it) # 插入该学生记录，按 Term 排序（字符串排序） recs = [r for r in self.data if r["Student"] == student] recs.sort(key=lambda x: x["Term"]) for r in recs: self.tree.insert("", tk.END, values=( r["Term"], r["Subject"], r["Score"])) def clear_plot_and_table(self): self.ax.clear() self.ax.set_title("成绩趋势") self.canvas.draw() for it in self.tree.get_children(): self.tree.delete(it) self.subject_combo['values'] = [] self.title("成绩走势图") # ---------- 绘图 ---------- def update_plot(self): sel = self.student_listbox.curselection() if not sel: return student = self.student_listbox.get(sel[0]) subject_choice = self.subject_var.get() # collect terms sorted recs = [r for r in self.data if r["Student"] == student] if not recs: self.clear_plot_and_table() return terms = sorted({r["Term"] for r in recs}) term_index = {t: i for i, t in enumerate(terms)} self.ax.clear() self.ax.set_title(f"{student} 的成绩趋势") self.ax.set_xlabel("Term") self.ax.set_ylabel("Score") self.ax.set_xticks(range(len(terms))) self.ax.set_xticklabels(terms, rotation=30, ha='right') # prepare data per subject # subject -> list of scores aligned to terms subj_map = defaultdict(lambda: [None]*len(terms)) for r in recs: t = r["Term"] subj = r["Subject"] try: score = float(r["Score"]) except: continue subj_map[subj][term_index[t]] = score colors = ["#1f77b4", "#ff7f0e", "#2ca02c", "#d62728", "#9467bd", "#8c564b"] plotted = False if subject_choice == "全部科目": for i, (subj, arr) in enumerate(sorted(subj_map.items())): xs = [idx for idx, val in enumerate(arr) if val is not None] ys = [val for val in arr if val is not None] if not xs: continue plotted = True self.ax.plot(xs, ys, marker='o', label=subj, color=colors[i % len(colors)]) if self.smooth_var.get() and len(ys) >= 3: ma = self.moving_average(ys, window=3) # ma aligns center; to avoid complexity, plot over xs with same length if len(ma) == len(ys): self.ax.plot(xs, ma, linestyle='--', color=colors[i % len(colors)]) if plotted: self.ax.legend() else: arr = subj_map.get(subject_choice) if arr: xs = [idx for idx, val in enumerate(arr) if val is not None] ys = [val for val in arr if val is not None] if xs: plotted = True self.ax.plot(xs, ys, marker='o', color=colors[0]) if self.smooth_var.get() and len(ys) >= 3: ma = self.moving_average(ys, window=3) if len(ma) == len(ys): self.ax.plot(xs, ma, linestyle='--', color=colors[0]) if not plotted: self.ax.text(0.5, 0.5, "没有可绘制的数据", ha='center', va='center', transform=self.ax.transAxes) self.fig.tight_layout() self.canvas.draw() def moving_average(self, data, window=3): # simple centered moving average where possible, fallback to simple moving average if window <= 1: return data res = [] n = len(data) for i in range(n): # center at i, take symmetric window as much as possible left = max(0, i - window//2) right = min(n, left + window) window_vals = data[left:right] res.append(statistics.mean(window_vals)) return res # ---------- 记录添加/删除 ---------- def add_record_dialog(self): dlg = AddRecordDialog(self) self.wait_window(dlg) if dlg.result: rec = dlg.result # basic validation if not (rec.get("Student") and rec.get("Term") and rec.get("Subject") and rec.get("Score")): messagebox.showwarning("无效", "请填写全部字段") return try: float(rec["Score"]) except: messagebox.showwarning("无效", "Score 必须为数字") return self.data.append(rec) self.refresh_student_list() self.status_var.set("已添加记录") def delete_selected_records(self): sel_items = self.tree.selection() if not sel_items: messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先在下方成绩明细中选择要删除的记录（可多选）") return sel = self.student_listbox.curselection() if not sel: return student = self.student_listbox.get(sel[0]) to_delete = [] for it in sel_items: vals = self.tree.item(it, "values") term, subj, score = vals # 删除与该三元组匹配的第一条数据 for idx, r in enumerate(self.data): if r["Student"] == student and r["Term"] == term and r["Subject"] == subj and r["Score"] == str(score): to_delete.append(idx) break # 删除时按倒序索引删除 for idx in sorted(to_delete, reverse=True): self.data.pop(idx) self.refresh_student_list() self.status_var.set(f"删除了 {len(to_delete)} 条记录") def on_tree_double_click(self, event): # 双击编辑 Score 单元（简单处理） sel = self.tree.selection() if not sel: return item = sel[0] vals = self.tree.item(item, "values") term, subj, score = vals new_score = simpledialog.askstring( "编辑分数", f"修改 {term} / {subj} 的分数：", initialvalue=score, parent=self) if new_score is None: return try: float(new_score) except: messagebox.showwarning("无效", "请输入数字") return # 更新数据中第一个匹配项 student = self.student_listbox.get( self.student_listbox.curselection()[0]) for r in self.data: if r["Student"] == student and r["Term"] == term and r["Subject"] == subj and r["Score"] == str(score): r["Score"] = str(new_score) break self.refresh_student_list() self.status_var.set("已更新分数") # ---------- 导出图像 ---------- def export_png(self): fn = filedialog.asksaveasfilename( title="导出为 PNG", defaultextension=".png", filetypes=[("PNG 图像", "*.png")]) if not fn: return try: self.fig.savefig(fn, dpi=150) self.status_var.set(f"已导出图像：{os.path.basename(fn)}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("导出失败", str(e)) # 简易添加记录对话框 class AddRecordDialog(tk.Toplevel): def __init__(self, parent): super().__init__(parent) self.title("添加记录") self.transient(parent) self.grab_set() self.result = None frm = ttk.Frame(self, padding=10) frm.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) ttk.Label(frm, text="Student:").grid( row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=4) self.student_e = ttk.Entry(frm) self.student_e.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, pady=4) ttk.Label(frm, text="Term:").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=4) self.term_e = ttk.Entry(frm) self.term_e.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, pady=4) ttk.Label(frm, text="示例: 2021-09 或第1学期").grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=tk.W, padx=6) ttk.Label(frm, text="Subject:").grid( row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=4) self.subj_e = ttk.Entry(frm) self.subj_e.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, pady=4) ttk.Label(frm, text="Score:").grid( row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=4) self.score_e = ttk.Entry(frm) self.score_e.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, pady=4) btns = ttk.Frame(frm) btns.grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=3, pady=(8, 0)) ttk.Button(btns, text="取消", command=self.on_cancel).pack( side=tk.RIGHT, padx=6) ttk.Button(btns, text="添加", command=self.on_add).pack(side=tk.RIGHT) frm.columnconfigure(1, weight=1) self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_cancel) def on_add(self): s = self.student_e.get().strip() t = self.term_e.get().strip() sub = self.subj_e.get().strip() sc = self.score_e.get().strip() if not (s and t and sub and sc): messagebox.showwarning("提示", "请填写全部字段", parent=self) return self.result = {"Student": s, "Term": t, "Subject": sub, "Score": sc} self.destroy() def on_cancel(self): self.result = None self.destroy() if __name__ == "__main__": app = GradeTrendApp() app.mainloop()