import tkinter as tk import math class RocketSimulator: def __init__(self, root): self.root = root self.root.title("🚀 火箭发射模拟器") self.root.geometry("800x700") # ---------- 物理参数 ---------- self.g = 9.8 # 重力加速度 (m/s²) self.m0 = 1000.0 # 初始总质量 (kg) self.m_fuel = 500.0 # 燃料质量 (kg) self.thrust = 15000.0 # 推力 (N) self.burn_rate = 10.0 # 燃料消耗率 (kg/s) self.Cd = 0.5 # 阻力系数 self.A = 1.0 # 截面积 (m²) self.rho = 1.225 # 空气密度 (kg/m³) # ---------- 状态变量 ---------- self.time = 0.0 self.height = 0.0 # 高度 (m) self.velocity = 0.0 # 速度 (m/s)，向上为正 self.mass = self.m0 # 当前质量 (kg) self.fuel_left = self.m_fuel self.is_running = False self.is_paused = False self.is_landed = False self.max_height = 0.0 # ---------- 界面布局 ---------- # 数据面板 info_frame = tk.Frame(root, bg='#e0e0e0') info_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=10, pady=5) self.labels = {} data = [ ("时间", "time", "{:.1f} s"), ("高度", "height", "{:.1f} m"), ("速度", "velocity", "{:.1f} m/s"), ("加速度", "accel", "{:.2f} m/s²"), ("质量", "mass", "{:.1f} kg"), ("燃料", "fuel", "{:.1f} kg"), ("状态", "status", "{}") ] for i, (desc, key, fmt) in enumerate(data): lbl = tk.Label(info_frame, text=f"{desc}:", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), bg='#e0e0e0') lbl.grid(row=0, column=i*2, padx=(5,0), pady=5, sticky='e') val = tk.Label(info_frame, text="0.0", font=("Arial", 10), bg='#e0e0e0', width=10, anchor='w') val.grid(row=0, column=i*2+1, padx=(0,10), pady=5, sticky='w') self.labels[key] = (val, fmt) # 画布 (显示火箭和轨迹) self.canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=600, height=500, bg='#c8e6ff') self.canvas.pack(pady=10) # 绘制地面和参考线 self.ground_y = 450 # 地面 y 坐标 self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, self.ground_y, 600, 500, fill='#8b5a2b', outline='') self.canvas.create_line(0, self.ground_y, 600, self.ground_y, fill='#4a7a2b', width=3) # 刻度标记 (高度标尺) for h in range(0, 500, 100): y = self.ground_y - h * 0.8 # 比例：0.8 像素/米，最大显示约 500 米 self.canvas.create_line(10, y, 20, y, fill='black') self.canvas.create_text(25, y, text=f"{h}m", anchor='w', font=("Arial", 8)) # 火箭 (用三角形表示) self.rocket = self.canvas.create_polygon( 295, self.ground_y-20, 305, self.ground_y-20, 300, self.ground_y-40, fill='red', outline='black', width=2 ) # 火焰 (初始隐藏) self.flame = self.canvas.create_polygon( 295, self.ground_y, 305, self.ground_y, 300, self.ground_y+15, fill='orange', outline='orange', state='hidden' ) # 控制按钮 btn_frame = tk.Frame(root) btn_frame.pack(pady=10) self.btn_launch = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="🚀 发射", command=self.launch, width=10, bg='lightgreen') self.btn_launch.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5) self.btn_pause = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="⏸ 暂停", command=self.toggle_pause, width=10, state='disabled', bg='lightyellow') self.btn_pause.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5) self.btn_reset = tk.Button(btn_frame, text="🔄 重置", command=self.reset, width=10, bg='lightcoral') self.btn_reset.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5) # 状态初始化 self.update_display() # ---------- 物理更新 ---------- def physics_step(self, dt): if not self.is_running or self.is_paused or self.is_landed: return # 计算当前推力 if self.fuel_left > 0: thrust = self.thrust # 燃料消耗 dm = self.burn_rate * dt if dm > self.fuel_left: dm = self.fuel_left self.fuel_left -= dm self.mass -= dm else: thrust = 0.0 # 空气阻力 D = 0.5 * rho * v^2 * Cd * A，方向与速度相反 if self.velocity > 0: drag = 0.5 * self.rho * self.velocity**2 * self.Cd * self.A else: drag = 0.0 # 下落时忽略阻力或按绝对值处理，此处简化 # 合力 (向上为正) force_net = thrust - self.mass * self.g - drag accel = force_net / self.mass # 更新速度、位置 (欧拉积分) self.velocity += accel * dt self.height += self.velocity * dt self.time += dt # 记录最大高度 if self.height > self.max_height: self.max_height = self.height # 检查着陆 if self.height <= 0 and self.velocity <= 0: self.height = 0 self.velocity = 0 self.is_landed = True self.is_running = False self.btn_pause.config(state='disabled') self.btn_launch.config(state='disabled') self.update_display() self.update_canvas() self.canvas.itemconfig(self.flame, state='hidden') return # 更新显示 self.update_display() self.update_canvas() # 继续循环 self.root.after(30, self.physics_step, dt) # 30ms 更新一次，dt 固定 # ---------- 更新显示 ---------- def update_display(self): status = "飞行中" if self.is_landed: status = "已着陆 🛬" elif not self.is_running: status = "待命" elif self.is_paused: status = "暂停 ⏸" # 计算加速度用于显示 if self.mass > 0: if self.fuel_left > 0: thrust = self.thrust else: thrust = 0.0 drag = 0.5 * self.rho * self.velocity**2 * self.Cd * self.A if self.velocity > 0 else 0.0 accel = (thrust - self.mass * self.g - drag) / self.mass else: accel = 0.0 data = { "time": self.time, "height": self.height, "velocity": self.velocity, "accel": accel, "mass": self.mass, "fuel": max(0, self.fuel_left), "status": status } for key, (label, fmt) in self.labels.items(): label.config(text=fmt.format(data[key])) def update_canvas(self): # 将高度映射到画布坐标 (地面 y=ground_y, 每米 0.8 像素) y_pos = self.ground_y - self.height * 0.8 if y_pos < 10: y_pos = 10 # 防止超出顶部 # 更新火箭位置 (三角形底边中心在 x=300) x0 = 295 x1 = 305 y0 = y_pos y1 = y_pos - 20 # 火箭高度 20 像素 self.canvas.coords(self.rocket, x0, y0, x1, y0, 300, y1) # 火焰：只在有推力且高度>0时显示 if self.is_running and not self.is_paused and self.fuel_left > 0 and self.height > 0: self.canvas.itemconfig(self.flame, state='normal') # 火焰在火箭底部 self.canvas.coords(self.flame, x0, y0, x1, y0, 300, y0+15) else: self.canvas.itemconfig(self.flame, state='hidden') # ---------- 控制函数 ---------- def launch(self): if self.is_landed: return if self.is_running: return # 如果已经飞行结束，重置再发射 (但这里重置由reset处理) self.is_running = True self.is_paused = False self.btn_launch.config(state='disabled') self.btn_pause.config(state='normal') # 启动物理循环，dt = 0.02s (20ms) self.root.after(50, self.physics_step, 0.02) def toggle_pause(self): if not self.is_running: return self.is_paused = not self.is_paused self.btn_pause.config(text="▶ 继续" if self.is_paused else "⏸ 暂停") self.update_display() def reset(self): # 重置所有状态 self.is_running = False self.is_paused = False self.is_landed = False self.time = 0.0 self.height = 0.0 self.velocity = 0.0 self.mass = self.m0 self.fuel_left = self.m_fuel self.max_height = 0.0 self.btn_launch.config(state='normal') self.btn_pause.config(state='disabled', text="⏸ 暂停") self.canvas.itemconfig(self.flame, state='hidden') self.update_display() self.update_canvas() # ---------- 运行主程序 ---------- if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = RocketSimulator(root) root.mainloop()