import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap import matplotlib.animation as animation from matplotlib.widgets import Button, RadioButtons from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # 设置中文显示 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'DejaVu Sans'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False class ComplexGraphicsViewer: """复杂图形切换查看器""" def __init__(self): # 先初始化所有属性 self.graphs = [ '分形树 + 曼德勃罗特', '3D复杂曲面', '动态螺旋动画', '朱莉娅集', '分形火焰' ] self.current_graph = 0 self.anim = None self.anim_running = True # 创建主窗口 self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 9)) self.fig.patch.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # 主绘图区 self.ax_main = self.fig.add_axes([0.05, 0.05, 0.825, 0.845]) self.ax_main.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # 控制面板 self.create_control_panel() # 显示第一个图形 self.switch_graph(0) # 绑定键盘事件 self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', self.on_key_press) def create_control_panel(self): """创建控制面板""" # 图形切换按钮 ax_prev = self.fig.add_axes([0.902, 0.74, 0.086, 0.038]) ax_next = self.fig.add_axes([0.903, 0.69, 0.084, 0.036]) self.btn_prev = Button(ax_prev, '◀ 上一个', color='#333366', hovercolor='#444488') self.btn_next = Button(ax_next, '下一个 ▶', color='#333366', hovercolor='#444488') self.btn_prev.on_clicked(lambda x: self.switch_graph(-1)) self.btn_next.on_clicked(lambda x: self.switch_graph(1)) # 单选按钮选择图形 - 简化版本，不使用复杂样式 ax_radio = self.fig.add_axes([0.898, 0.19, 0.092, 0.41]) # 修复：使用正确的参数格式 self.radio = RadioButtons( ax_radio, self.graphs, activecolor='#6666ff' ) # 单独设置样式 for circle in self.radio.circles: circle.set_facecolor('#333366') circle.set_edgecolor('#6666ff') circle.set_linewidth(1.5) for label in self.radio.labels: label.set_color('white') label.set_fontsize(8.5) self.radio.on_clicked(self.on_radio_clicked) # 当前图形名称显示 self.title_text = self.fig.text( 0.462, 0.945, '', ha='center', va='top', fontsize=14, color='white', fontweight='bold' ) # 操作提示 self.fig.text( 0.912, 0.645, '快捷键:\n← → 切换\n空格 暂停/继续\nR 重置', fontsize=7.5, color='#8888ff', ha='left', va='top' ) def switch_graph(self, direction): """切换图形""" if isinstance(direction, int): self.current_graph = (self.current_graph + direction) % len(self.graphs) else: self.current_graph = self.graphs.index(direction) # 停止当前动画 if self.anim: self.anim.event_source.stop() self.anim = None # 获取要保留的控件 keep_axes = [ self.btn_prev.ax, self.btn_next.ax, self.radio.ax, self.title_text ] # 清除当前图形 - 移除所有非控件子图 axes_to_remove = [] for ax in self.fig.axes: if ax not in keep_axes: axes_to_remove.append(ax) for ax in axes_to_remove: try: ax.remove() except: pass # 重新创建主绘图区 self.ax_main = self.fig.add_axes([0.048, 0.058, 0.828, 0.838]) self.ax_main.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # 根据选择绘制不同图形 graph_name = self.graphs[self.current_graph] self.title_text.set_text(f'当前图形: {graph_name}') if graph_name == '分形树 + 曼德勃罗特': self.draw_fractal_tree_and_mandelbrot() elif graph_name == '3D复杂曲面': self.draw_3d_surface() elif graph_name == '动态螺旋动画': self.draw_animated_spiral() elif graph_name == '朱莉娅集': self.draw_julia_set() elif graph_name == '分形火焰': self.draw_fractal_flame() self.fig.canvas.draw_idle() def on_radio_clicked(self, label): """单选按钮回调""" self.switch_graph(label) def on_key_press(self, event): """键盘事件处理""" if event.key == 'right': self.switch_graph(1) elif event.key == 'left': self.switch_graph(-1) elif event.key == ' ': if self.anim: if self.anim_running: self.anim.event_source.stop() self.anim_running = False else: self.anim.event_source.start() self.anim_running = True elif event.key == 'r': self.switch_graph(0) def draw_fractal_tree_and_mandelbrot(self): """绘制分形树和曼德勃罗特集""" # 移除主绘图区，创建两个子图 self.ax_main.remove() ax1 = self.fig.add_axes([0.042, 0.068, 0.395, 0.832]) ax2 = self.fig.add_axes([0.472, 0.062, 0.385, 0.848]) ax1.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') ax2.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # === 分形树 === def draw_branch(x, y, length, angle, depth, max_depth=10): if depth > max_depth or length < 1: return end_x = x + length * np.cos(angle) end_y = y + length * np.sin(angle) color_intensity = 1 - depth / max_depth r, g, b = 0.4 + 0.3 * color_intensity, 0.25 + 0.5 * color_intensity, 0.05 width = max(0.5, 4 * (1 - depth / max_depth)) ax1.plot([x, end_x], [y, end_y], color=(r, g, b), linewidth=width, alpha=0.8) np.random.seed(int(depth * 100 + x * 10)) variation = np.random.uniform(-0.3, 0.3) new_length = length * 0.68 draw_branch(end_x, end_y, new_length, angle + 0.52 + variation, depth + 1, max_depth) draw_branch(end_x, end_y, new_length, angle - 0.52 - variation, depth + 1, max_depth) if depth < 5 and np.random.random() > 0.6: draw_branch(end_x, end_y, new_length * 0.76, angle + variation * 2, depth + 1, max_depth) ax1.set_xlim(-60, 135) ax1.set_ylim(-30, 175) ax1.set_aspect('equal') ax1.axis('off') ax1.set_title('🌳 分形生命树', fontsize=12, color='white', pad=10) draw_branch(38, 0, 29, np.pi/2, 0, 10) # === 曼德勃罗特集 === resolution = 480 xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = -2.5, 1.5, -2, 2 x = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, resolution) y = np.linspace(ymin, ymax, resolution) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) C = X + 1j * Y max_iter = 155 Z = np.zeros_like(C, dtype=np.complex128) M = np.full(C.shape, max_iter, dtype=int) for i in range(max_iter): mask = np.abs(Z) <= 2 Z[mask] = Z[mask]**2 + C[mask] M[mask & (np.abs(Z) > 2)] = i colors = ['#000033', '#000066', '#000099', '#0033cc', '#0066ff', '#0099ff', '#00ccff', '#00ffff', '#66ffcc', '#99ff99', '#ccff66', '#ffff00', '#ffcc00', '#ff9900', '#ff6600', '#ff3300', '#cc0000', '#990000', '#660000'] cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('custom', colors, N=256) ax2.imshow(M, cmap=cmap, extent=[xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], aspect='equal') ax2.axis('off') ax2.set_title('🌀 曼德勃罗特集', fontsize=12, color='white', pad=10) def draw_3d_surface(self): """绘制3D复杂曲面""" ax = self.fig.add_axes([0.052, 0.056, 0.826, 0.812], projection='3d') ax.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 340) y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 342) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2) Z = (np.sin(R) * np.cos(2*X) * np.sin(3*Y) / (R + 0.1) + 0.5 * np.exp(-R/3) * np.cos(4*X + 3*Y) + 0.3 * np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2) * 2)) norm = plt.Normalize(Z.min(), Z.max()) colors = plt.cm.viridis(norm(Z)) ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, facecolors=colors, rstride=1, cstride=1, alpha=0.92, antialiased=True) ax.view_init(elev=22, azim=48) ax.set_xlabel('X', color='white', fontsize=9) ax.set_ylabel('Y', color='white', fontsize=9) ax.set_zlabel('Z', color='white', fontsize=9) ax.tick_params(colors='white', labelsize=7) ax.set_title('🌊 3D复杂波形曲面', fontsize=12, color='white', pad=10) def draw_animated_spiral(self): """绘制动态螺旋动画""" ax = self.ax_main ax.set_xlim(-2.5, 2.5) ax.set_ylim(-2.5, 2.5) ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.axis('off') t = np.linspace(0, 28*np.pi, 1720) def animate(frame): ax.clear() ax.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') ax.set_xlim(-2.5, 2.5) ax.set_ylim(-2.5, 2.5) ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.axis('off') current_t = t[:frame+1] r = 0.082 + 0.023 * current_t x = r * np.cos(current_t + frame * 0.004) y = r * np.sin(current_t + frame * 0.004) colors = plt.cm.hsv(np.linspace(0, 1, len(current_t))) for i in range(len(current_t)-1): ax.plot(x[i:i+2], y[i:i+2], color=colors[i], linewidth=2.5, alpha=0.85) circle = plt.Circle((0, 0), 0.145, color='gold', alpha=0.325) ax.add_patch(circle) ax.set_title(f'🌀 动态螺旋 - 帧 {frame}', fontsize=12, color='white') return ax, self.anim = animation.FuncAnimation( self.fig, animate, frames=720, interval=14, blit=False ) def draw_julia_set(self): """绘制朱莉娅集""" ax = self.ax_main ax.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # 朱莉娅集参数 c = complex(-0.745, 0.205) resolution = 620 xmin, xmax = -1.5, 1.5 ymin, ymax = -1.5, 1.5 x = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, resolution) y = np.linspace(ymin, ymax, resolution) X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y) Z = X + 1j * Y max_iter = 225 M = np.full(Z.shape, max_iter, dtype=int) for i in range(max_iter): mask = np.abs(Z) <= 2 Z[mask] = Z[mask]**2 + c M[mask & (np.abs(Z) > 2)] = i # 自定义色彩映射 colors_julia = ['#000000', '#080012', '#100025', '#180037', '#20004a', '#28005c', '#381a73', '#483389', '#584da0', '#6866b6', '#7880cd', '#8899e3', '#99b3fa', '#b3ccff', '#cce6ff', '#ffffff'] cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('julia', colors_julia, N=420) im = ax.imshow(M, cmap=cmap, extent=[xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], aspect='equal', interpolation='bilinear') ax.axis('off') ax.set_title(f'🔮 朱莉娅集 (c = {c.real:.3f} + {c.imag:.3f}i)', fontsize=12, color='white', pad=10) def draw_fractal_flame(self): """绘制分形火焰效果""" ax = self.ax_main ax.set_facecolor('#0a0a2e') # 使用混沌游戏生成分形火焰 n_points = 78000 # 定义变换函数 def transform1(x, y): return 0.486 * x, 0.476 * y def transform2(x, y): return 0.496 * x + 0.508, 0.506 * y + 0.514 def transform3(x, y): return 0.479 * x + 0.266, 0.481 * y + 0.263 def transform4(x, y): return 0.502 * x + 0.757, 0.497 * y + 0.252 transforms = [transform1, transform2, transform3, transform4] probabilities = [0.235, 0.275, 0.248, 0.242] # 生成点 x, y = 0.528, 0.516 points_x = [] points_y = [] for _ in range(n_points): idx = np.random.choice(len(transforms), p=probabilities) x, y = transforms[idx](x, y) points_x.append(x) points_y.append(y) # 创建密度图 heatmap, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d( points_x, points_y, bins=430, range=[[0, 1], [0, 1]] ) # 应用对数变换增强视觉效果 heatmap = np.log(heatmap + 1) # 自定义火焰色彩映射 colors_flame = ['#000000', '#140000', '#280000', '#3d0000', '#520000', '#661400', '#7a2800', '#8f3d00', '#a35200', '#b86600', '#cc7a00', '#e08f00', '#f5a300', '#ffba40', '#ffd180', '#ffe8bf', '#ffffff'] cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('flame', colors_flame, N=360) ax.imshow(heatmap.T, cmap=cmap, extent=[0, 1, 0, 1], aspect='equal', origin='lower', interpolation='gaussian') ax.axis('off') ax.set_title('🔥 分形火焰', fontsize=12, color='white', pad=10) # 启动查看器 if __name__ == "__main__": print("🎨 复杂图形切换查看器") print("=" * 40) print("📋 可用图形:") print(" 1. 分形树 + 曼德勃罗特") print(" 2. 3D复杂曲面") print(" 3. 动态螺旋动画") print(" 4. 朱莉娅集") print(" 5. 分形火焰") print("=" * 40) print("⌨️ 快捷键:") print(" ← → : 切换图形") print(" 空格 : 暂停/继续动画") print(" R : 重置") print("=" * 40) viewer = ComplexGraphicsViewer() plt.show()